Introduction:

India, with an area of 1,2 69,346 sq. mi. (3,287,590 sq. km) is one of the largest countries in the world. With a population of over 100 million, it is the second largest country in the world in population. Only China, its neighbor to the north, has more people. About one out of every six people in the world lives in India.

India has great varieties and differences in both its land and its people. The land includes the mighty rivers and coastal areas, a desert, extensive tropical lowlands, wide plateaus, jungles, one of the world's rainiest areas and the tallest mountain system in the world. The Great Mountains of the North, the Great Plains of Northern India and the Great Plateau of Peninsular India reflect the vast and varied attractions of this unique country.

The people of India belong to many different ethnic groups and religions. They speak 16 major languages and more than 1,000 minor languages and dialects.

Many ways of life in India have stayed the same for hundreds of years. These ancient customs may be seen side by side with the latest advances of civilization and science. For example, many workers in modern Indian factories wear traditional costumes and carry supplies in woven baskets on their heads. Cows, which India's millions of Hindus consider sacred, often roam freely in modern business districts.

For hundreds of years, India meant mystery, wealth, and excitement to people of the Western world. Early European explorers, traders, and adventurers traveled to India for jewels, rugs, silks, spices, and other valuable articles. Christopher Columbus was looking for an easier route to India when he arrived in America. Present day explorers can enjoy the charm of this all along with some taste of the modern era.